NLRP1 belongs to the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family. NLRs are intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and are responsible for recognition of intracellular pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
Recognition of PAMPs or DAMPs by NLRP1 triggers assembly of NLRP1 inflammasome which is important for caspase-1 activation and processing of pro-inflammatory cytokines e.g. IL-1β.